SMOKE DETECTION AND FIRE PREVENTION
SYSTEM
The environment has been deeply harmed by humans since a great deal of time, but with the technological advancements we can try and heal it. Detection of fire in homes is necessary to avoid destruction of property due to fire accidents both natural and induced. Detection of fire can prove to be very important as it could mean the difference between life and death. Fires can occur from anywhere and at any point of time, hence the presence of Fire Alarm System helps in keeping your family safe. An automatic smoke detecting system will notify the individual as well as take necessary actions in the home in order to prevent the fire from spreading.
Motivation
Fire is very deadly and leads to the loss of human life and property. Fire detection systems are necessary to reduce the destruction of personal belongings caused by fire both man-made and induced. One of the most destructive properties of fire is that it spreads exponentially and with the right medium can spread uncontrollably. This is why timely fire detection is necessary for avoiding a fire hazard. The Internet of Things is a collection of sensors, actuators, software, and electronics embedded with home appliances, physical devices, and vehicles that connect and exchange data which helps increase the efficiency of everyday appliances using computer-based systems.
Problem Definition
Fires cause serious damage and devastatingly disrupt daily life. Hence preventing them or reducing their effects is a top priority. Though many systems have been created to tackle this problem, false alarms are a challenge that is yet to be avoided. Our model, using smoke sensors alerts all the home appliances so that they can take appropriate actions. The appliances that will be alerted are doors, windows, sprinklers, garage doors, etc.
Scope
Our model, consisting of the smoke sensor has been conditioned to a limit of 0.5; which implies that if the smoke level detected by the sensor reaches more than the level set, appropriate actions will be taken. This can be changed according to the desire of the individual, situation, or surroundings. Furthermore, there are a limited set of appliances that are prompted by the smoke sensor; which can be changed. Windows, doors, and garage doors open when the smoke level exceeds the given level. The sprinklers start spraying water to prevent the spread of fire in the household.
Design
A. Navigation
B. Page Layout
Planning
Computing Environment
Our Smoke detection and fire prevention project was implemented on a Cisco-packet tracer for testing. The components used for our project are as follows:
• Home Gateway: A router that forwards the data to the server and the control information to the connected devices for alerting purposes and hence allows it to take necessary actions to extinguish the fire.
• Door: Affects Argon, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen, Helium, Methane, Nitrogen, O2, Ozone, Propane, and Smoke. When the door is opened, those gases will decrease to a maximum of 2% in total change. When the door is opened, the rate of transference for Humidity and Temperature is increased by 25%. The rate of transference for gases is increased by 100%
• Smoke Detector: Detects Smoke. The alarm will go off when it detects the environment variable SMOKE at the level of 40%.
• Fire Sprinkler: Raises the water level. Affects Water Level at a rate of 0.1 cm per second. This is connected to the smoke detector.
• Siren: Makes a loud emergency noise when activated. It is activated when certain conditions are encountered.
• Garage Door: Affects Argon, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen, Helium, Methane, Nitrogen, O2, Ozone, Propane, and Smoke. When the door is opened, those gases will decrease to a maximum of 4% in total change. When the door is opened, the rate of transference for Humidity and Temperature is increased by 50%. The rate of transference for gases is increased by 100%.
• Smartphone: This is the user interface that allows the user to know that a fire occurred at their place with the help of the application running on their smartphone and the amount of smoke generated and hence take necessary steps.
- Window: A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof, or vehicle that allows the passage of light, sound, and sometimes air.
Configuration
1. DLC Home Gateway
• Created a web page with a username and password to connect and gain control of the system.
• Registration can be done on this router.
• Range of the router is set to a maximum (of 1000 meters or 1km).
• Ip address is assigned as 192.168.25.1 dynamically.
2. Smartphone
• Connect to the system by going to the web browser, entering the registration server’s IP, and logging in using your ID and Password.
• Ip address is assigned as 192.168.25.100 dynamically.
3. Smoke Detector
• Smoke Detector is used to detect any smoke. E.g. When a fire breaks out the smoke detector will detect it. And in our project when the smoke level goes beyond 0.5, certain conditions are triggered such as doors, and windows opening and fire sprinklers and sirens turned on.
• It is connected to Home Gateway using an advanced settings in the I/O config i.e. (PT-IOT-NM-1W) network adapter setting.
• Dynamic IP address is assigned using DHCP.
4. Window
• A window is an opening in a wall that allows the passage of light, sound, and sometimes air.
• It is connected to Home Gateway using advanced settings in I/O config i.e (PT-IOT-NM-1W) network adapter setting
• Dynamic IP address is assigned using DHCP
5. Door
• A door is an opening from where people can enter or leave in normal routine life as well as in an emergency.
• It is connected to Home Gateway using advanced settings in I/O config i.e (PT-IOT-NM-1W) network adapter setting
• Dynamic IP address is assigned using DHCP
6. Garage door
A Garage door is an opening from where vehicles can enter or leave. In our case this is very crucial as garage doors are huge and can help the air escape when there is a fire outbreak, releasing carbon dioxide and other.
7. Fire sprinkler
• The fire sprinkler sprays streams of water to suppress or extinguish the fire when ordered by the home gateway. This happens when the smoke detector detects smoke level of more than 0.5.
• It is connected to Home Gateway using advanced settings in I/O config i.e (PT-IOT-NM-1W) network adapter setting
• Dynamic IP address is assigned using DHCP
8. Siren
• A siren is a device that makes a loud emergency sound when the smoke detector detects smoke level greater than 0.5.
• It is connected to Home Gateway using advanced settings in I/O config i.e (PT-IOT-NM-1W) network adapter setting
• Dynamic IP address is assigned using DHCP
9. Car
• In Cisco-packet tracer there is no object or entity which can simulate the generation of smoke other than a car.
- So, we have used 3 cars to represent smoke generation which is similar to smoke generated during a fire.
Conditions:
To implement the project, we need to specify certain conditions on which all the devices can be activated and deactivated. Based on how and when these conditions change, there will be changes in the state of the devices. To simulate smoke, we have used 3 cars. The conditions which are mentioned above and are crucial for this simulation are as follows:
Implementation
Network Design
Testing and Deployment
Deployment
This system can be of great in domestic as well as industrial settings to detect smoke and alert people on an impending fire since smoke is a precursor for fire, instead of relying on heat/temperature sensors which sounds alarm when the fire has already started. This can go a long way in helping to save human life.